19 therapies (ST) from computerized patient record, like those administered in clinical trials in which the hospital participated, too as patients’ demographic traits, comorbidities (like BMI, modified Charlson index [6]), and outcome (ICU admission, death). The evolution of ST prescriptions in the course of the study period was described and put into perspective with all the updates of local suggestions. We performed a comparative analysis in between sufferers who did (ST+) or did not (ST-) acquire distinct anti-COVID-19 therapies, excluding anticoagulation, and among individuals in the initially (W1, from 2/24/2020 to 7/27/2020), and second (W2, from 7/ 28/2020 to 1/21/2021) epidemic waves in France. The Chi-square and the Student’s t tests were used for categorical and quantitative variables, respectively, and computed utilizing RStudio v1.2.5033 for Windows. This retrospective observational study analysed data in the hospital’s pharmaceutical file. The study did not involve humans, but only reused routine patient records. Information access complied with French relevant information protection and privacy regulations. The study therefore essential neither information nor non-opposition of your incorporated people and was approved by the ^ ?institutional and ethical assessment board in the Hopital Europeen Marseille (n?022-01-01).ResultsDuring the very first two waves, HEM teams managed a total of 607 COVID-19 hospitalized sufferers, including 197 individuals in the course of W1 and 410 during W2 (Fig 1). Inpatients qualities and outcomes are summarized in Table 1. Their imply age was 65 years-old, and they presented frequent comorbidities: hypertension (43 ), diabetes (33 ) and obesity (28 ). Inpatients imply age and comorbidities were comparable between W1 and W2 (Table 1). In total, 93 of hospitalized sufferers received ST (i.e. at the very least 1 precise anti-COVID-19 therapy) (Fig 1): anticoagulants (90 ), including low molecular weight heparin (n = 468, 86 ), unfractionated heparin (n = 52, ten ), direct oral anticoagulants (n = 45, eight ) and vitamin K antagonists (n = eight, 1.3,3-Diethoxypropanoic acid Chemscene 5 ); glucocorticoids (39 ), mostly during W2 (49 vs 17 , P0.001); and azithromycin (30 ) (Table 1). Lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine had been prescribed to 17 and 7 inpatients, respectively, and only for the duration of W1. Remdesivir was in no way administered in HEM (Table 1).Formula of 6-Chloro-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir-ritonavir have been administered to 7 and 17 patients, respectively, and only in March-April 2020 (Fig 1).PMID:23771862 Prescription of azithromycin was frequent for the duration of W1 (71 of patients), then it markedly dropped throughout W2 (10 ). A total of 22 inpatients have been enrolled into clinical trials testing hydroxychloroquine (NCT04325893) [3] or Avdoralimab (NCT04371367) [4]. The month-to-month evolution of ST prescriptions followed the suggestions of your COVID RCP (Fig 1).PLOS A single | doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283165 March 17,3/PLOS ONEManagement of COVID-19 drug therapies through the initial two epidemic wavesFig 1. Monthly trends in prescriptions of precise anti-COVID-19 therapies (excluding clinical trials ) in hospitalized patients, and principal suggestions of your COVID RCP (numbered arrows) in the course of the very first two waves (W1 and W2). Arrow n?: HCSP and ISTH [7, 8] official recommendations, and critical analysis with the very first publications regarding the lopinavir-ritonavir [9] mixture, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-azithromycin (AZT) [10] combination and remdesivir [11] by the COVID multidisciplinary consultation meeting (RCP) of the hos.